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An aluminum electrolytic capacitor, often only called an electrolytic capacitor, uses aluminum metal as one electrode, covered with a very thin layer of aluminum oxide as dielectric, and which has an electrolyte as its second electrode.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are typically used in power supplies and DC-DC converters for smoothing and buffering rectified DC voltages in many electronic devices. They are also used in industrial power supplies. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors because of their anodization principle. They can only be operated with DC voltage applied with the correct polarity.